Who Came Up With the Alphabet

Up until modern times, the alphabet was a work-in-progress that went as far back as ancient Egypt. We know this because the earliest evidence of a consonant-based alphabet, in the form of graffiti-style inscriptions, was discovered along the Sinai peninsula. Not too much is known about these mysterious scripts except they’re likely a collection of characters adapted from Egyptian hieroglyphs. It’s also unclear whether these early scripts were written by the Canaanites who inhabited the area around 19th century BC or a Semitic population that occupied central Egypt in 15th century BC. Whatever the case, it wasn’t until the emergence of the Phoenician civilization, a collection of city-states strewn along Egypt’s Mediterranean coast, that the Proto-Sinaitic script was widely used. Written from right to left and consisting of 22 symbols, this unique system would eventually spread throughout the middle east and across Europe through maritime merchants who  carried out commerce with nearby groups of people. By the 8th century BC, the alphabet had made its way to Greece, where it was altered and adapted to the Greek language. The biggest change was the addition of vowel sounds, which many scholars believed marked the creation of the first true alphabet that allowed for a clear pronunciation of specific Greek words. The Greeks also later made other significant modifications such as writing letters from left to right. At about the same time toward the east, the Phoenician alphabet would form the early basis for the Aramaic alphabet, which serves as the foundation for Hebrew, Syriac, and Arabic written systems. As a language, Aramaic was spoken throughout the Neo-assyrian empire, Neo-babylonian empire and perhaps most prominently among Jesus Christ and his disciples. Outside of the middle east, remnants of its use have also been found in parts of India and central Asia. Back in Europe, the Greek alphabet system reached the Romans around the 5th century BC, through exchanges between Greek and Roman tribes that resided along the Italian peninsula. The Latins made some minor changes of their own, dropping four letters and adding others. The practice of modifying the alphabet was commonplace as nations began to adopt it as a writing system. The Anglo-Saxons, for instance, used Roman letters to write old English after the kingdom’s conversion to Christianity, and made a series of alterations that later  became the foundation for the modern English we use today. Interestingly enough, the order of the original letters has managed to remain the same even as these variants of the Phoenician alphabet were changed to suit the local language. For example, a dozen stone tablets unearthed in ancient Syrian city of Ugarit, which dated back to the 14th century BC, depicted an alphabet that resembled bits of the Latin alphabet in its standard letter order. New additions to the alphabet often were placed at the end, as was the case with X, Y, and Z. But while the Phoenician alphabet can be considered the father of just about all written systems in the west, there are some alphabets that bear no relation to it. This includes the Maldivian script, which borrows elements from Arabic but derived many of its letters from numerals. Another one is the Korean alphabet, known as Hangul, which groups various letters together into blocks that resemble Chinese characters to produce a syllable. In Somalia, the Osmanya alphabet was devised for the Somali in the 1920s by Osman Yusuf Kenadid, a local poet, writer, teacher, and politician.  Evidence of independent alphabets were also found in  medieval Ireland and the old Persian empire. And in case you’re wondering, the alphabet song used to help young children learn their ABCs only came about relatively recently. Originally copyrighted by Boston-based music publisher Charles Bradlee under the title The ABC: A German Air With Variations for the Flute With an Easy Accompaniment for the Piano Forte, the tune is modeled after Twelve Variations on Ah vous dirai-je, Maman, a piano composition written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The same tune has also been used in Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star and Baa, Baa, Black Sheep.

Epidemic Levels of Addicted to Cell Phones - 1556 Words

Cell Phone Addiction There is a growing problem that could reach epidemic levels in the next ten years. Its an addition effecting men, woman and children. Were talking about cell phone addiction. You might question the validity of this, but when you stop and really think about how far we have come with the advances of cell phones, the dots start to connect; the amount of people using phones, the purpose of the phone, how the younger generation perceives their phone and the profits to be made by large and small companies, leading us to draw a not so pretty picture. It’s a newer addition to society, not drug based one, but more of a compulsion addiction. In general, not a lot of research has been done in regards to this obsession, but it’s only a matter of time. Most of the worst offenders will deny that they have a problem, yet the simple thought of losing their phone sends them into a state of panic. This obsessive, panicked feeling already has a name, it’s call ed nomophobia. Wikipedia terms this new phobia as the fear of being without your mobile phone. A research group in the United Kingdom is credited for inventing this term after conducting a study on how cell phones affect a person’s anxiety levels (2014). Our generation and the following generations will have the challenge of not becoming a victim to this addiction. Most people will fail, considering all the detrimental factors that will influence them on a daily basis. This addiction has a negative impact onShow MoreRelatedSmartphone Addiction Essay901 Words   |  4 Pageshow addictive have they become? These phones are almost a necessity for today’s society, but how much use is over-use? When does it become addiction? Like Kwon, M stated ,â€Å" results caused by the over use of smartphones can easily be seen in today’s society.† (2013). Nearly everywhere someone is walking with their face down in their phone, sitting at a restaurant staring at their phone, taking quick peeks at the phone while in class and even utilizing the phones while driving. To classify this over-useRead MoreCell Phone Overuse Or Addiction?2080 Words   |  9 PagesEver since it was first introduced in the year 1973, the cell phone has evolved to become the device that holds the future within itself. Now referred to as the smartphone, the majority of the developing world’s population uses it now. It’s endless evolving functionalities, as apps and programs, are making the users see this piece of technology as a holy grail, but only much more accessible. Ever since its integration into our society, cell phones have given us the opportunity to connect to people atRead MoreBUS 303: A Persuasive and Descriptive Essay on Traffic on Freeway1838 Words   |  7 Pagesfear in the hot afternoon sun. In an instant of extreme paranoia all the drivers on the freeway stopped and looked to see what had nearly caused at least four cars to go hurtling into each other. In the fast lane sat a young man chatting on his cell phone and busy snapping pictures a nd texting them to his friends. If the pickup truck in front of him had not been watching their rear-view mirror, the Mercedes he was driving would have plowed into a pickup that would have in turn hit four cars in twoRead MoreThe Effects Of Consumerism On Children s Lives1522 Words   |  7 Pagesassociated with cognitive development, regular sleep patterns and language barriers. As a result, the more screen time babies and toddlers are exposed to, the less time they spend in creative play. Childhood obesity has also become a national epidemic in the United States, with a direct link to technology. Young children are frequently being diagnosed with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and liver disease. They prefer a sedentary lifestyle that technology creates by watchingRead MoreTexting While Driving Is A Dangerous Game Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesconsider themselves able to multitask, though they do not realize that one task will suffer greatly. The task the tends to suffer is the focused driving. Driving requires visual, cognitive, and manual focus, and when a driver takes a peek at their phone they give up the visual attention that is needed. Many states are trying their best to end the outbreak of texting while driving that leads to fatal accidents. There is a multitude of other repercussions that can occur from texting while driving asRead MoreMobile Devices And Their Effects On Sleep And Health Problems2469 Words   |  10 Pagesforming an ad diction to their phones and not even know it. Addiction to their cellphone and social media, laziness, lack of face-to-face sociability, detrimental effects on sleep and health problems, distracted driving, cyberbullying, and effects on family relationships and friendships are things phones may be negatively effecting everyday lives. People all over the world can be considered addicted to their phone. Over two-thirds of Americans today own a smart phone and that number is only on theRead MoreHow Technology Has Impacted Children1787 Words   |  8 Pagesinclude smart phones, tablets, and computerst that students may use at school or at their home. Students use technology to aid them, but it has unfortunately led to health problems. Concern over bullying has grown in the recent years fueled by high-profile teen suicides. â€Å"Experts say cyber bullying - what scholars Sameer Hindua and Justin W. Patchin call ‘willful and repeated harm inflicted through the use of computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices’ - has risen to epidemic levels† (BillitteriRead MoreTechnology: Blessing or Curse? Essay example2194 Words   |  9 Pagesdays a week? Will it overwhelm human beings? As the world advances into its new day and age, inventions such as cell phones, computers, and gaming systems, over power what used to be a â€Å"simple society†. Items such as walkmans, record players, and 8 tracks used to be the focal products of technology. Living in the 21st century, technology has been developing to a more influential level. It has been growing faster and faster, quicker than everyone even realizes it . The question is: do the social skillsRead MorePersuasive Speech : Healthy Lifestyle1231 Words   |  5 Pagesand people I know are struggling with obesity and just need a little help to get them going. Preview: To begin, I would like to tell you exactly what obesity is. Then, I will give you info and stats about obesity in the U.S., what is causing this epidemic, and explain why people are choosing fast-food over healthier options. Last, I will share ways to stop this trend of obesity. Transition: The first thing I would like to explain is what obesity really is. Body: I. Obesity is becoming a more commonRead MoreCell Phones And Its Impact On Modern Society2440 Words   |  10 Pagesone hour. Can we blame technology for becoming advance and easily obtainable to society? Many would argue the pros and cons of the utilization of cellphones but one thing we could all agreed is that a cell phone is an invention that influenced our modern society. Cell Phone In America Our new society lives life in the fast lane, faster cars and eco friendly homes, technology leading the way in every home in America. Whether you know it or not cellphones made their first

Night World Secret Vampire Chapter 11 Free Essays

The next few hours were the worst of Phil’s life. First and foremost was his mother. As soon as shewalked in, Phil’s priorities changed from wanting herto comfort him to wanting to comfort her. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Secret Vampire Chapter 11 or any similar topic only for you Order Now And ofcourse there wasn’t any comfort. All he could do was hold on to her. It’s too cruel, he thought dimly. There ought to be a way to tell her. But she would never believe it, andif she did, she’d be in danger,too†¦. Eventually the paramedics did come, but only afterDr. Franklin had arrived. â€Å"I called him,† James said to Phil during one ofthe interludes when Phil’s mom was crying on Cliff. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"To keep things simple. In this state, doctors can issue a death certificate if they’ve seen you withinthe last twenty days and they know the cause ofdeath. We don’t want any hospitals or coroners.† Phil shook his head. â€Å"Why? What’s your problemwith hospitals?† â€Å"My problem,† James said in a clipped, distinctvoice. â€Å"is that in hospitals they do autopsies.† Phil froze. He opened his mouth but no sound came out. â€Å"And in funeral homes they do embalming. Whichis why I need to be around when they come to pick up the body. I need to influence their minds not toembalm her, or sew her lips shut, or-â€Å" Phil bolted for the bathroom and was sick. Hehated James again. But nobody took Poppy to the hospital; and Dr.Franklin didn’t mention an autopsy. He just heldPhil’s mother’s hand and spoke quietly about how these things could happen suddenly, and how at leastPoppy had been spared any pain. â€Å"But she was so much better today,† Phil’s motherwhispered through tears. â€Å"Oh, my baby, my baby.She’d been getting worse, but today she was better. â€Å" â€Å"It happens like that sometimes,† Dr. Franklinsaid. â€Å"It’s almost as if they rally for a last burst of life.† â€Å"But I wasn’ttherefor her,† Phil’s mom said, andnow there weren’t any tears, just the terrible gratingsound of guilt. â€Å"She was alone when she died.† Phil said, â€Å"She was asleep. She just went to sleepand never woke up. If you look at her, you can seehow peaceful it was.† He kept saying things like that, and so did Cliff andso did the doctor, and eventually the paramedicswent away. And sometime after that, while hismother was sitting on Poppy’s bed and stroking herhair, the people from the mortuary came. â€Å"Just give me a few minutes,† Phil’s mother said, dry-eyed and pale. â€Å"I need a few minutes alonewith her.† The mortuary men sat awkwardly in the family room, and James stared at them. Phil knew what wasgoing on. James was fixing in their minds the factthat there was to be no embalming. â€Å"Religious reasons, is that it?† one of the men saidto Cliff, breaking a long silence. Cliff stared at him, eyebrows coming together.†What are you talking about?† The man nodded. â€Å"I understand. It’s no problem.† Phil understood, too. Whatever the man was hearing, it wasn’t what Cliff was saying. â€Å"The only thing is, you’ll want to have the viewingright away,† the other man said to Cliff. â€Å"Or else a closed casket.† â€Å"Yes, it was unexpected,† Cliff said, his facestraightening out. â€Å"It’s been a very short illness.† So nowhewasn’t hearing what the men were saying. Phil looked at James and saw sweat trickling down his face. Clearly it was a struggle to controlthree minds at once. At last Cliff went in and got Phil’s mother. He ledher to the master bedroom to keep her from seeing what happened next. What happened was that the two men went into- Poppy’s room with a body bag and a gurney. Whenthey came out, there was a small, delicate hump in the bag. Phil felt himself losing rationality again. He wantedto knock things down. He wanted to run a marathonto get away. Instead, his knees started to buckle and his visiongrayed out. Hard arms held him up, led him to a chair. â€Å"Hangon,† James said. â€Å"Just a few more minutes. It’s al most over.† Right then Phil could almost forgive him for being a bloodsucking monster. It was very late that night when everyone finallywent to bed. To bed, not to sleep. Phil was one solid ache of misery from his throat down to his feet, andhe lay awake with the light on until the sun came up. The funeral home was like a Victorian mansion,and the room Poppy was in was filled with flowersand people. Poppy herself was in a white casket with gold fittings, and from far away she looked as if shewere sleeping. Phil didn’t like to look at her. He looked insteadat the visitors who kept coming in and filling theviewing room and the dozens of wooden pews. He’d never realized how many people loved Poppy. â€Å"She was so full of life,† her English teacher said. â€Å"I can’t believe she’s gone,† a guy from Phil’s football team said. â€Å"I’ll never forget her,† one of her friends said,crying. Phil wore a dark suit and stood with his motherand Cliff. It was like a receiving line for a wedding.His mother kept saying, â€Å"Thank you for coming,†and hugging people. The people went over and touched the casket gently and cried. And in the process of greeting so many mourners,something strange happened. Phil got drawn in. Thereality of Poppy’s death was so real that all the vampire stuff began to seem like a dream. Bit by bit, hestarted to believe the story he was acting out. After all, everybody else was so sure. Poppy hadgotten cancer, and now she was dead. Vampires were just superstition. James didn’t come to the viewing.- Poppy was dreaming. She was walking by the ocean with James. It waswarm and she could smell salt and her feet were wetand sandy. She was wearing a new bathing suit, thekind that changes color when it gets wet. She hoped James would notice the suit, but he didn’t say anything about it. Then she realized he was wearing a mask. That was strange, because he was going to get avery weirdtan with most of his face covered up. â€Å"Shouldn’t you take that off?† she said, thinkinghe might need help. â€Å"I wear it for my health,† James said-only itwasn’t James’s voice. Poppy was shocked. She reached out and pulledthe mask away. It wasn’t James. It was a boy with ash blond hair,even lighter than Phil’s. Why hadn’t she noticed hishair earlier? His eyes were green-and then they were blue. â€Å"Who are you?† Poppy demanded. She was afraid. â€Å"That would be telling.† He smiled. His eyes wereviolet. Then he lifted his hand, and she saw that hewas holding a poppy. At least, it was shaped like apoppy, but it was black. He caressed hercheek withthe flower. â€Å"Just remember,† hesaid, still smiling whimsically.†Bad magic happens.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"Bad magic happens,† he said and turned andwalked away. She found herself holding the poppy.He didn’t ‘leave any footprints in the sand. Poppy was alone and the ocean was roaring. Clouds were gathering overhead. She wanted towake up now, but she couldn’t, and she was aloneand scared. She dropped the flower as anguish surged through her. â€Å"James!† Phil sat up in bed, heart pounding. God, what had that been? Something like ashout in Poppy’s voice. I’m hallucinating. Which wasn’t surprising. It was Monday, the dayof Poppy’s funeral. In-Phil glanced at the clockabout four hours he had to be at the church. Nowonder he was dreaming about her. But she had sounded so scared†¦. Phil put the thought out of his mind. It wasn’teven hard. He’d convinced himself that Poppy wasdead, and dead people didn’t shout. At the funeral, though, Phil got a shock. His fatherwas there. He was even wearing something resembling a suit, although the jacket didn’t match thetrousers and his tie was askew. â€Å"I came as soon as I heard†¦.† â€Å"Well, wherewere you?† Phil’s mother said, thefine lines of strain showing around her eyes, the way they always did when she had to deal with Phil’s father. â€Å"Backpacking in the Blue Ridge Mountains. Nexttime, I swear, I’ll leave an address. I’ll check my messages†¦.He began to cry. Phil’s mom didn’t sayanything else. She just reached for him, and Phil’sheart twisted at the way they clung to each other. He knew his dad was irresponsible and hopelesslybehind in child support and flaky and a failure. But nobody had ever loved Poppy more. Right then, Philcouldn’t disapprove of him, not even with Cliff standing there for comparison. The shock came when his dad turned to Phil beforethe service. â€Å"You know, she came to me last night,† he said in a low voice. â€Å"Her spirit, I mean. She visited me.† Phil looked at him. This was the kind of weird statement that had brought on the divorce. His fatherhad always talked about peculiar dreams and seeingthings that weren’t there. Not to mention collecting articles about astrology, numerology, and UFOs. â€Å"I didn’t see her, but I heard her calling. I just wishshe hadn’t sounded so frightened. Don’t tell yourmother, but I got the feeling she’s not at rest.† Heput his hands over his face. Phil felt every hair on the back of his neck standup. But the spooky feeling was drowned almost immediately in the sheer grief of the funeral. In hearingthings like â€Å"Poppy will live on forever in our heartsand memories.† A silver hearse led the way to ForestPark cemetery, and everyone stood in the June sunshine as the minister said some last words overPoppy’s casket. By the time Phil had to put a rose on the casket, he was shaking. It was a terrible time. Two of Poppy’s girlfriendscollapsed in near-hysterical sobs. Phillip’s motherdoubled over and had to be led away from the casket.There was no time to think-then or at the potluckat Phil’s house afterward. But it was at the house that Phil’s two worlds collided. In the middle of all the milling confusion, hesaw James. He didn’t know what to do. James didn’t fit intowhat was going on here. Phil had half a mind togo over and tell him to get out, that the sick jokewas over. Before he could do anything, James walked up and said under his breath, â€Å"Be ready at eleven o’clock tonight.† Phil was jolted. â€Å"For what?† â€Å"Just be ready, okay? And have some of Poppy’sclothes with you. Whatever won’t be missed.† Phil didn’t say anything, and James gave him an exasperated sideways look. â€Å"We have to get her out,stupid. Or did you wantto leave her there?† Crash. That was the sound of worlds colliding. For a moment Phil was spinning in space with his feeton neither one. Then with the normal world in shards around him, he leaned against a wall and whispered, â€Å"I can’t. Ican’t do it. You’re crazy.† â€Å"You’re the one who’s crazy. You’re acting like itnever happened. And you have to help, because I can’t do it alone. She’s going to be disoriented at first, like a sleepwalker. She’llneed you.† That galvanized Phil. He jerked to stand up straightand whispered, â€Å"Did you hear her last night?† James looked away. â€Å"She wasn’t awake. She was just dreaming.† â€Å"How could we hear her from so far away? Evenmy dadheard it. Listen.† He grabbed James by thelapel of his jacket. â€Å"Are you sure she’s okay?† â€Å"A minute ago you were convinced she was dead and gone. Now you want guarantees that she’s fine. Well, I can’t give you any.† He stared Phil down with eyes as cold as gray ice. â€Å"I’ve never done this before, all right? I’m just going by the book. And there are always things that can go wrong.But,†he said terselywhen Phil opened his mouth, â€Å"the one thing I doknow is that if we leave her where she is, she’s goingto have a very unpleasant awakening. Get it?† Phil’s hand unclenched slowly and he let go of thejacket. â€Å"Yeah. I’m sorry. I just can’t believe any ofthis.† He looked up to see that James’s expressionhad softened slightly. â€Å"But if she was yelling last night, then she was alive then, right?† â€Å"And strong,† James said. â€Å"I’ve never known a stronger telepath. She’s really going to be something.† Phil tried not to picture what. Of course, Jameswas a vampire, and he looked perfectly normalmost of the time. But Phil’s mind kept throwing outpictures of Poppy as a Hollywood monster. Red eyes,chalky skin, and dripping teeth. If she came out like that, he’d try to love her. Butpart of him might want to get a stake. Forest Park cemetery was completely.different at night. The darkness seemed very thick. There was a sign on the iron gate that said, â€Å"No visitors after sunset,† but the gate itself was open. I don’t want to be here, Phil thought. James drove down the single lane road that curvedaround the cemetery and parked underneath a hugeand ancient gingko tree. â€Å"What if somebody sees us? Don’t they have aguard or something?† â€Å"They have a night watchman. He’s asleep. I tookcare of it before I picked you up.† James got out andbegan unloading an amazing amount of equipmentfrom the backseat of the Integra. Two heavy duty flashlights. A crowbar. Some old boards. A couple of tarps. And two brand-new shovels. â€Å"Help me carry this stuff.† â€Å"What’s it allfor?†But Phil helped. Gravelcrunched under his feet as he followed James on oneof the little winding paths. They went up some weathered wooden stairs and down the other sideand then they were in Toyland. That was what somebody at the funeral had calledit. Phil had overheard two business friends of Cliff’stalking about it. It was a section of the cemetery where mostly kids were buried. You could tell without even looking at the headstones because therewere teddy bears and things on the graves. Poppy’s grave was right on the edge of Toyland. Itdidn’t have a headstone yet, of course. There was only a green plastic marker. James dumped his armload on the grass and thenknelt to examine the ground with a flashlight. Phil stood silently, looking around the cemetery.He was still scared, partly with the normal fear that they’d get caught before they got finished, and partlywith the supernatural fear that they wouldn’t.Theonly sounds were crickets and distant traffic. Treebranches and bushes moved gently in the wind. â€Å"Okay,† James said. â€Å"First we’ve got to peel this sod off.† â€Å"Huh?† Phil hadn’t even thought about why therewas already grass on the new grave. But of course itwas sod. James had found the edge of one strip and was rolling it up like a carpet. Phil found another edge. The strips were about sixfeet long by one and a half feet wide. They wereheavy, but it wasn’t too hard to roll them up and off the foot of the grave. â€Å"Leave ’em there. We’ve got to put them on againafterward,† James grunted. â€Å"We don’t want it to lookas if this place has been disturbed.† A light went on for Phil.†That’swhy the tarpsand stuff.† â€Å"Yeah. A little mess won’t be suspicious. But if weleave dirt scattered everywhere, somebody’s going towonder.† James laid the boards around the perimeterof the grave, then spread the tarps on either side.Phil helped him straighten them. What was left where the sod had been was fresh,loamy soil. Phil positioned aflashlight and picked upa shovel. I don’t believe I’m doing this, he thought. But he was doing it. And as long as all he thoughtabout was the physical work, the job of digging a hole in the ground, he was okay. He concentrated on that and stepped on the shovel. It went straight into the dirt, with no resistance. It was easy to spade up one shovelful of dirt and drop it onto the tarp. But by about the thirtieth shovelful,he was getting tired. â€Å"This is insane. We need a backhoe,† he said, wiping his forehead. â€Å"You can rest if you want,† James said coolly. Phil understood. James was the backhoe. He wasstronger than anyone Phil had ever seen. He pitchedup shovelful after shovelful of dirt without even straining. He made it look like fun. â€Å"Whydon’t we have you on any. of the teams atschool?† Phil said, leaning heavily on his shovel. â€Å"I prefer individual sports. Like wrestling,† Jamessaid and grinned, just for a moment, up at Phil. It was the kind of locker-room remark that couldn’t be misunderstood from one guy to another. He meantwrestling with, for instance, Jacklyn and Michaela. And, just at that particular moment, Phil couldn’t help grinning back. He couldn’t summon up anyrighteous disapproval. Even with James, it took a long time to dig thehole. It was wider than Phil would have thought necessary. When his shovel finallychunkedon somethingsolid, he found out why. â€Å"It’s the vault,† James said. â€Å"Whatvault?† â€Å"The burial vault. They put the coffin inside it so it doesn’t get crushed if the ground collapses. Get outand hand me the crowbar.† Phil climbed out of the hole and gave him thecrowbar. He could see the vault now. It was made ofunfinished concrete and he guessed that it was just a rectangular box with a lid. James was prying thelid off with the crowbar. â€Å"There,† James said, with an explosive grunt as he lifted the lid and slid it, by degrees, behind the concrete box. That was why the hole was so wide, toaccommodate the lid on one side and James on theother. And now, looking straight down into the hole, Philcould see the casket. A huge spray of slightly crushedyellow roses was on top. James was breathing hard, but Phil didn’t think itwas with exertion. His own lungs felt as if they werebeing squeezed flat, and his heart was thudding hardenough to shake his body. â€Å"Oh, God,† he said quietly and with no particular emphasis. James looked up. â€Å"Yeah. This is it.† He pushed theroses down toward the foot of the casket. Then, inwhat seemed like slow motion to Phillip, he began unfastening latches on the casket’s side. When they were unfastened, he paused for just aninstant, both hands flat on the smooth surface of thecasket. Then he lifted the upper panel, and Phillip could see what was inside. How to cite Night World : Secret Vampire Chapter 11, Essay examples

Wieder Geil by We Butter the Bread With Butter free essay sample

This is actually a very interesting concept this band managed here. We Butter the Bread With Butter is a German industrial hardcore(particularly deathcore) band that has a concept so interesting Im wondering how no one came up with this before. They seem to combine elements from bands like Born of Osiris and Suicide Silence for deathcore and Rammstein and Oomph for the industrial and can speak in both German and English. This is 36 minutes of total madness. You can easily say, especially if youre a deathcore fan, that this is some crazy and heavy stuff. I may not be a huge fan of either genre but it seems that combine, it just makes both sound better. You still get the hardcore breakdowns and you still get the samplings and keyboard induced industrial sound. Nothing was really lost from either genre. The tracks here can range anywhere from 2 minutes to about four, not much of a time gap, but I just thought its important. We will write a custom essay sample on Wieder Geil by We Butter the Bread With Butter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The shortest of which ends off with arguably the heaviest and best breakdown Ive ever heard in hardcore history and coupled with the slight industrial sounds in there, it just makes it that much more massive it seems. I do understand both the revolving theme and the music its self can be repetitive, but I do think it just goes by too fast for you to truly notice. That said, the revolving theme here seems to be anarchy and rebellion as seen in tracks like Anarchy, Berlin! Berlin! and Bang Bang Bang. Im not one to normally like deathcore to any degree higher than decent or ok, but call me hardcore because this was a pleasant and admittedly great suprise. Its a weird one, but I think youll like it. I give this album a 9/10. I am the Grim Reaper, signing off.

The World Essays - 1159, DraftHolzner, Anton,

The World The World The world is a messed up place and we are all stuck here until our lives are through, or until we choose to leave. Its strange that I go along with everything everyone tells me, such as that I should ware certain cloths or listen to certain songs. I often wonder why I do the things I do, but then I just realize thats who I am. People are confused about why they are here and they dont understand what life is supposed to be about. They think that they should be a certain way or think a certain way, but they are all wrong. We should all act however we want to and not let the world influence us. Chapter one When I was a child I thought that the world was to big for me to understand, but I was wrong. The world is easy to understand if youre not crazy. All you got to do is realize that no one really knows what he or she is doing or where he or she is going. Every day that I wake up I wish that the world would change to where it was all right to be who you really are. Instead you have got to be what the world wants you to be. Its sad that these days a child can be left out of a certain group because his parents cant afford the outrageously expensive cloths that the other kids ware. This may cause the child to feel less encouraged to try in school or other activities. This is the kind of small thinking that causes a teen to act out in violence. After years of being picked on and labeled as a trouble maker just because of who he or she is and were he/she comes from. Society often blames parents or television for these tragedies because they cant admit that their own selfishness and lack of respect for those less fortunate is the true poison of the world. I once saw a man sitting on a street corner playing a guitar with his guitar case open. People passed him without looking or listening. Every now and then someone would toss some loose change or even a dollar, but they still never herd the music the man was playing. I stood and listened for about ten minutes t o what was the greatest live version of Free Bird that I had ever heard. When the man finished I offered him some money not so people would see me doing but because I thought his performance was well worth it. The man just smiled at me and declined it saying, no thanks, your applauds are all the payment I was looking for. That was the moment in my life when I realized the world had it all wrong and society was blind. I was twelve years old. Since that day Ive been on a quest to in some way show the world what I was fortunate enough to learn. Ive tried in many ways to show my peers that its ok to do your own thing and not follow others. Often Ive just been criticized for my actions and told that I was being ridiculous, which in a few extreme cases was true, but I didnt let that stop me. Over the past six years of my life Ive crawled out of what could be called the filth of society and established myself as an outstanding young man in order to get people to notice my examples Im tryin g to set. Of course I totally despise myself for the levels Ive stooped to in order to get where I am today. Never the less, I believe if youre going to do something right u might as well go all out. So I guess by writing this Im trying to finalize the actions that have taken place in my life during what are suppose to be the most important years of a teens life. Perhaps this book will help open a few eyes and turn a few heads but more then likely it will just be criticized and manipulated my several people that are just afraid

15 Dis- Words and Their Relations

15 Dis- Words and Their Relations 15 â€Å"Dis-† Words and Their Relations 15 â€Å"Dis-† Words and Their Relations By Mark Nichol Words with the antonymic prefix dis- are easily confused with similar-looking terms starting with mis- or un- that usually have differing connotations or entirely distinct senses. Here are comparative definitions of some of these terms, along with etymological identification: 1-2. Disassemble/Dissemble/Misassemble The first two words have a shared etymology but distinct meanings. To disassemble originally meant â€Å"to disperse† and now means â€Å"to take apart,† but to dissemble is to conceal or simulate. The Latin root they share is simulare, which means â€Å"to make like or to compare.† (Resemble, semblance, and the like also stem from this word, and similar is closely related.) Dissimulation is dissemble’s more directly descended synonym. To misassemble, meanwhile, is to assemble incorrectly. 3-4. Disassociate/Dissociate These interchangeable words mean â€Å"to separate,† either literally, as in withdrawing from a social group, or figuratively, as in diverging from past behavior. (The common root stems from the Latin term sociare, which means â€Å"to join,† from which English derives social, society, and similar words.) 5. Discharge/Mischarge Discharge means â€Å"to release,† â€Å"to unload,† or â€Å"to perform one’s duties.† Mischarge is a rare word meaning â€Å"to make a mistake in charging,† as in loading a weapon. (The root word, charge, is from the Latin term carricare, meaning â€Å"to load.†) 6. Disconnect/Misconnect To disconnect is to uncouple or unhook. To misconnect is to put together erroneously. (The shared root, connect, is from the Latin word connectere, â€Å"to join together.† That word’s root, in turn, is related to nexus, meaning â€Å"a link or bond.†) 7. Discount/Miscount A discount is a markdown on a price. A miscount is a tabulation made in error. (The source of the root count is the Latin word computare, from which, of course, compute and computer are derived.) 8. Disinformation/Misinformation Disinformation is a form or propaganda intended to cover up inconvenient facts and/or sway public opinion. Misinformation is a more neutral term referring merely to incorrect data. (The Latin root they share is formare, which means â€Å"to form or shape.†) 9. Disinterest/Uninterest These seemingly indistinguishable words sharing the root word interest (from the Latin term interesse, meaning â€Å"to be between† or â€Å"to make a difference†) have a key difference of connotation: To be disinterested is to have no stake in something, to be impartial, and uninterested denotes the more basis sense of a lack of concern or investment in something. 10. Dislocate/Mislocate To dislocate is to put out of place; to mislocate is to misplace, or lose. (Locate is from the Latin word locare, â€Å"to place,† and is related to locus, which refers to a site or center.) 11. Disorder/Misorder Disorder is a lack of organization or an instance of random placement, or a state of social upheaval; it is rarely used as a verb, perhaps because disorder is generally not a consciously achieved state. Misorder is an uncommon verb meaning â€Å"to erroneously order,† as in preparing an order, or a list of items such as tasks to accomplish or products to purchase. Disorder also applies to a mental or physical condition that is not normal. (The root word order is descended from the Latin term ordinem, meaning â€Å"arrangement.†) 12. Disorganized/Unorganized These antonyms of organized (from the Latin word organum, meaning â€Å"instrument† or â€Å"organ†) are nearly synonymous, but a distinction is sometimes made between the former referring impersonally to places and things and the latter being a personal characteristic. 13. Disqualified/Unqualified To become disqualified is to be deprived or made ineligible; to be unqualified is to already lack the required prerequisites for qualification. (The common root is from the Latin term qualis, meaning â€Å"of what kind,† which is also the source of quality.) 14. Dissatisfied/Unsatisfied These terms have different shades of meaning: To be dissatisfied is to be disappointed in the quality of something, such as a product, or work done; unsatisfied refers to a quantitative displeasure, such as when an appetite or demand is not fulfilled. (Satisfy, the root of both words, comes from the Latin term satisfacere, a compound of satis, meaning â€Å"enough† also the source of sate, meaning â€Å"to appease an indulgence† and facere, meaning â€Å"to do or make,† whence fact.) 15. Distrust/Mistrust Both words mean â€Å"the absence or lack of trust,† with no real distinction between them. The root, of course, is trust, borrowed from Scandinavian and related through the Germanic-language family tree to true and truth. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterCapitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and MovementsThe "Pied" in The Pied Piper

Manage Personal Work Priorities and Professional Development Essay

Manage Personal Work Priorities and Professional Development - Essay Example As such it is an important unit for most managers, particularly as managers serve as role models and have a significant influence on the work culture and patterns of behaviour. Elements of Competency Unit code: BSBWOR501A: Unit title: Manage Personal Work Priorities and Professional Development Element Performance Criteria 1. Establish personal work goals 1.1 Serve as a positive role model in the workplace through personal work planning and organisation 1.2 Ensure personal work goals, plans and activities reflect the organisation's plans, and own responsibilities and accountabilities 1.3 Measure and maintain personal performance in varying work conditions, work contexts and contingencies 2. Set and meet own work priorities 2.1 Take initiative to prioritise and facilitate competing demands to achieve personal, team and organisational goals and objectives 2.2 Use technology efficiently and effectively to manage work priorities and commitments 2.3 Maintain appropriate work-life balance, and ensure stress is effectively managed and health is attended to 3. Develop and maintain professional competence 3.1 Assess personal knowledge and skills against competency standards to determine development needs, priorities and plans 3.2 Seek feedback from employees, clients and colleagues and use this feedback to identify and develop ways to improve competence 3.3 Identify, evaluate, select and use development opportunities suitable to personal learning style/s to develop competence 3.4 Undertake participation in networks to enhance personal knowledge, skills and work relationships 3.5 Identify and develop new skills to achieve and maintain a competitive edge Skills and Knowledge Required skills communication skills to receive, analyse and report on feedback literacy skills to interpret written and verbal information about workplace requirements organisational skills to set and achieve priorities. Required knowledge principles and techniques involved in the management and orga nisation of: performance measurement personal behaviour, self-awareness and personality traits identification personal development plan personal goal setting time management management development opportunities and options for self organisation's policies, plans and procedures types of learning style/s and how they relate to the individual types of work methods and practices that can improve personal performance. Range statement The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. Own responsibilities and accountabilities may include: expectations of workplace performance as expres sed in a performance plan outputs as expressed in position descriptions or duty statements statement of conduct outlining an individual's responsibilities/actions/performance Technology may include: computerised systems and software, databases, project management and word processing electronic diary personal digital assistant (PDA) Competency standards

BUSINESS STRATEGY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

BUSINESS STRATEGY - Assignment Example Introduction In a general sense, business strategy is regarded as the selection of effective and valuable business ideas, which aids in meeting organisational objectives. Formulation of business strategy is typically considered to be an imperative task for every organisation, whether small or large. It begins with the formulation of innovative business ideas by the concerned persons of various organisations. The responsibility of these concerned people does not end with the formulation of the ideas, but also they need to find out the best ways to implement those ideas and also have a frequent look whether those ideas are working well or not. All these significant aspects have been viewed to provide active support to the business managers of an organisation in making effective decisions towards the accomplishment of organisational targets (Kourdi, 2010). This assignment will analyze two of the decisive models that include ‘Porter’s Five Forces Model’ and ‘Por ter’s Diamond Model’ as a new way of understanding competitive advantage. In this regard, Porter’s Diamond Model is used as the most appropriate basis of measuring the competitiveness at the company level and thus, it is also considered as the model which provides the learning of competitive advantage in accordance with different opinions. ... Both of these models that proposed by Michael Porter are considered to be the effective tools for determining the position of the companies in the international competitive business markets (Porter, 1990). Hence, in this assignment, the study of various elements along with the principles of these models will be carried along with their practical implications within business and economic context. In the last section of the assignment, contemporary examples will be analysed wherein the aforesaid models help to analyse along with understand the relevant business and economic context. 2. Principle and Structural Elements of the Porter’s Model 2.1. Porter’s Five Forces Model 2.1.1. Structural Elements Porter’s Five Forces Model is a strategic insight, which avoids keeping the company’s competitive edge at risk and also ensuring the attainment of greater profit margin on a long term basis. The profit margin of the companies depends on a number of factors that ca n also be regarded as the structural elements of the aforesaid model. These elements have been mentioned below. Threat of New Entrants: It is the prime responsibility of the companies to prevent its competitors from entering into the business markets where they operates. This particular structural element depends on numerous factors such as market size, raw materials, cost of entry and also the cultural barriers (Lima, 2006). Competitive Rivalry: The competition between the companies determines the demand for the market. It is the analysis that performs by the companies to identify their competitors and determining their strengths along with weaknesses (Lima, 2006). Bargaining Power of Buyers: This structural element helps to control the profitability in the market. The companies must be conscious in

A report for a new business venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A report for a new business venture - Essay Example This traditional practice of metal work or goldsmith has evolved into a multi- billion dollar industry that produces jewelry in common and rear objects and minerals (Erick, 1982). Currently in the UK there are very few companies that have venture into this business due to the professionalism and capital that is required. For one to successfully venture into this business he or she needs a strong capital base and a loyal customer of whom the products can be constantly sold to. In terms of competition, the industry has stiff competition since the products are not among basic commodities and therefore implies that the market is small because of the few number of people who can afford the product. However, for this particular business venture we will tend to use common materials and objects to create our product to limit on the cost of production as well as the price of the commodity. We intend to lower the price of our jewelry products to make them affordable to all our customers. There is a lot of competition in the jewelry business due to the limited amount of customers who are interested or can afford the jewelry products. In the UK most of this companies are large scale companies who mostly make their products from rare minerals such as gold and diamond. In order to beat the existing competition, our business will majorly focus on fabricating jewelry from common materials such as rocks and crystals that are easily available. This will reduce the cost of fabricating the jewelry and in turns lower the prices or our products which will enable our business to cover a large market including those consumers with very low purchasing power (Team, 2013). For a startup, the business will have just a few employees but with excellent skills of fabricating jewelry from the rocks and crystals (Erick, 1982). The rocks and crystals will be collected from farms and some of them will be bought from rock collection stores. The materials will then be fabricated

Energy Balance For An Internal Combustion Engine Engineering Essay

Energy Balance For An Internal Combustion Engine Engineering Essay The main objective of the experiment is to measure the energy contributions to the diesel engine, which is treated as a thermodynamics system. The energy contributions that are not measured may then be estimated from an energy balance. There are two main, unmeasured energy contributions to identify:- An energy loss from incomplete combustion, in which some of the fuel is not burned completely. An energy loss by heat transfer to the air surrounding hot engine components. Introduction A Petter four stroke diesel engine will be used to investigate the efficiency of a diesel engine. Diesel engines are  internal combustion engines  designed to convert the chemical energy available in the fuel, into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy moves the pistons up and down inside cylinders. The pistons are connected to a crankshaft, and the up-and-down motion of the pistons, known as linear motion, creates the rotary motion needed to turn the wheels of a car forward. We are already aware of the fact that internal combustion engines have very low efficiencies, but the purpose of such experiment is to study where and how the energy is used and lost. This would help us to improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engines where ever possible. Theory Both diesel engines and petrol engines convert fuel into energy through a series of small explosions or combustions. The major difference between diesel and petrol engines is the way these explosions happen. In a petrol engine, fuel is mixed with air, compressed by pistons and ignited by sparks from spark plugs. In a diesel engine, however, the air is compressed first, and then the fuel is injected, because as the air is compressed it heats up to around 400 °C, it is hot enough to ignite fuel. A four stroke diesel engine uses the following cycle (illustrated in Figure1): Intake stroke   The intake valve opens, and fresh air (containing no fuel), is drawn into the cylinder, moving the piston down. Compression stroke   As the piston rises, the air is compressed, causing its temperature to rise. At the end of the compression stroke, the air is hot enough to ignite fuel. Combustion stroke   As the piston reaches the top, fuel is injected at just the right moment and ignited, forcing the piston back down. Exhaust stroke   The piston moves back to the top, pushing out the exhaust created from the combustion out of the exhaust valve. Figure 1 24075-004-613c6f14.gif Eq1From the basic steady flow energy equation, using the air-cycle method, we may write:- The value of can be approximated, closely, to: , Cpe is taken as 1100J/KgK It is convenient to replace by in order to make an allowance for the possibility of incomplete combustion. *Where, FL, is the proportion of fuel energy that is not available because of incomplete combustion. Heat transfer, (Qr), is the sum of energy transferred to cooling water and energy lost to the surrounding from hot engine components, therefore we can write: Qr = -dot mw Cpw ( Tout Tin ) + Qrn Replacing all quantities in Eq1 we get: Symbols explained as follows: rate of heat energy transfer of system rate of the work done by the system (power) combustion air mass flow rate fuel mass rate specific enthalpy of products of combustion specific enthalpy of combustion air specific heat of water 4190 J/kgK Apparatus The Apparatus used in this experiment is mentioned as follows: Petter Diesel Engine: A four stroke, single cylinder, 659CC Petter Diesel Engine was used to conduct the experiment. Figure 2 shows the picture of Petter Diesel Engine used in the experiment. Ear Muffles: Ear muffles were used to protect the ears from the loud noise of the diesel engine; prolonged exposure to such loud noise without ear protection can lead to hearing impairment. Barometer: A Barometer was used to measure the atmospheric pressure at the time of experiment. Atmospheric pressure was needed to calculate the mass flow rate. The Barometer gives readings in mmHg. Figure 3 shows the picture of barometer used in the experiment. IMG_4763.JPGIMG_4767.JPG Figure 2 Figure 3 Experimental Procedure The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the efficiency of a diesel engine. To start with the experiment, all the gauges on the apparatus were pre set to default readings and as a safety precaution all students were provided with ear muffles. Each individual group member was assigned a task by the module lecturer. My assigned task was to measure the oil and at the same time, time the engine as it consumed the set amount of diesel. Similarly other students were given tasks, which they carried on doing as the experiment progressed. The engine was started and after waiting for the recommended time of ten minutes, all the readings were taken off gauges. A weight of 5kg was already placed onto the torque arm before starting the engine. Measurements such as fuel flow rate, cooling water flow-rate, spring balance, orifice plate pressure drop, speed gauge and electric thermometer were taken. Electric thermometer reading is divided into four parts, mentioned as follows: Exhaust temperature Cooling water inlet temperature Cooling water outlet temperature Air inlet temperature After taking all the readings, engine was shut down and ear muffles were removed. The readings taken off the gauges were then used to work out the energy balance for an internal combustion engine. Results MEASURED PROPERTY VALUE UNITS Atmospheric Pressure 764 mmHg Engine Speed 1500 rpm Spring balance reading 15 N Mass on torque arm 5 Kg Amount of Fuel measured 20 ml Time to consume fuel 97 Seconds Relative density of fuel 0.864 Orifice plate pressure drop 31 mmH2O Exhaust gas temperature 260 Degrees Celsius Cooling water inlet temperature 69 Degrees Celsius Cooling water outlet Temperature 75 Degrees Celsius Air inlet Temperature 18.5 Degrees Celsius Cooling water flow-rate 5 litres/minute Following readings were obtained from the gauges: 1. Shaft power output= torque* shaft rotational speed = W(kg load -dial reading)*rt*N(rpm)*2Ï€/60 = (5*9.81)-15*0.4*1500*2Ï€/60 = 2139.42 Watts = 6.13 10-3 kg/s 3. Fuel flow rate = = (20 10-3/1000) (864) = Kg/s 4. Heat transfer rate to the cooling water = {(l/min)/60} * 4.196* (Tout Tin) = *4.196*(75-69) = 2.098 kJ/s 5. Heat transfer to exhaust gases = (6.24 = 1.70 kJ/s 6. Energy Balance: Fuel Energy Input = mf*LCV = (1.7810-4) x (43106) = +7654W Shaft Power Output= + 2139.42W Cooling Water Heat Transfer= +2098W Exhaust Heat Transfer = +1700W Energy Transfer =Qm-mf *FL = -7654+2139.42+2098+1700 = -1716.58W Efficiency = n=useful work output fuel energy input =2139.42 x 100 7654 =27.95% (Useful Work) Energy to surroundings = (Heat supplied in fuel Useful work done Energy to coolant Energy to exhaust) = 7.66 2.14 2.10 1.68 = 1.74KW Percentage energy to coolant = Energy to coolant 100 Heat supplied in fuel = x 100 = 27.41% Percentage to exhaust = Energy to exhaust 100 Heat supplied in fuel = x 100 = 21.93% Percentage loss to the surrounding = Energy to surroundings 100 Heat supplied in fuel = x 100 = 22.71% pie chart.jpg Figure 5 Figure 4 Discussion Engine efficiency refers to an engines ability to transform the available energy from its fuel into useful work. The modern petrol combustion engine operates at an average of roughly 20 to 30 percent engine efficiency. The remaining 70 to 80 percent of the energy is lost to the surroundings in form of exhaust heat, mechanical sound energy and friction. Diesel engines are a bit more efficient. The  diesel engine  uses high compression to ignite its fuel. This higher compression compensates for the engines heat losses and results in roughly 40 percent engine efficiency. This engine efficiency is only observed by direct injection diesel engines (discussed later). Rest 60 percent energy, like the petrol engine is lost to the surroundings. The Petter diesel engine which was the subject of this experiment showed a poor overall efficiency compared to an average diesel engine. The overall efficiency of the Petter diesel engine was only 27.95 percent. The reason for such poor efficiency was that most of the energy was lost to surrounding, but that doesnt mean that the engine cannot me made more efficient. See Figure 4 and 5 for the distribution of energy lost and utilised. There are many ways to improve the efficiency of a diesel engine, some are discussed below: Turbochargers: The purpose of a turbocharger is to compress the air flowing into the diesel engine, this lets the engine squeeze more air into a cylinder and more air means that more fuel can be added; basically a turbocharger converts waste energy from an engines exhaust gases into compressed air, which it pushes into the engine. This allows the engine to burn more fuel producing more power and improves the overall efficiency of the combustion process, hence making the engine more efficient. However, the only disadvantage of a turbocharger is that, if it is in a cars engine it would take a few second to respond as the driver presses the pedal, this phenomenon is known as lag. Turbocharger suffers from lag because it takes a few moments before the exhaust gases reach a velocity that is sufficient to drive the impeller/turbine. Direct Injection: With direct injection, the diesel fuel is directly injected into the cylinder i.e. fuel is mixed with air inside the cylinder, allowing for better control over the amount of fuel used, and varies depending on demand. This makes the engine more fuel efficient. Before direct injection, the fuel was mixed with air in the cars intake manifold. Variable Valve Timing: Valves open and close to allow air and fuel to enter cylinders and for the products of combustion to exit. Different valve timings produce different results (more power and or better fuel economy). Many modern engines can vary valve timing, allowing the default low RPM range of the engine to have more economical timing, and the higher RPM range to go for max power. Cylinder Deactivation: Internal Combustion Engines, with this feature can simply deactivate some cylinders when less power is required, temporarily reducing the total volume of the engine cylinders and so burning less fuel. This feature is mostly found on V6 and V8 engines. Super Charger: Superchargers increase the intake of air into the combustion chamber. This means, more air into the combustion chamber and with more air, more fuel can be added, and more fuel means a bigger explosion and greater  horsepower. Adding a supercharger is a good way to increase the power of a normal-sized engine and thus making it more efficient. Superchargers also create better fuel efficiency by increasing the amount of oxygen available to an engines combustion chambers, because superchargers increase the power of the engine by utilising more oxygen, they do not require a larger engine and therefore also increase fuel efficiency by allowing cars to be lighter. The biggest disadvantage of superchargers however, is that they steal some of the engines horsepower. A supercharger can consume as much as 20 percent of an engines total power output but also generates as much as 46 percent additional horsepower. Since, it generates more power than it requires, it is generally th ought to be good option to increase engines efficiency. Conclusion Diesel engines are a form of Internal Combustion Engines. They are very inefficient if working on their own. Generally about 25-30 percent energy is used in work and the rest is lost to surroundings. The efficiency of a diesel engine can be enhanced by at least 10-15 percent if combined with the modern technological devices, such as turbochargers and superchargers. Other clever techniques can also be used to improve the fuel efficiency and overall engine efficiency of the engine, such as direct injection, variable valve timing and cylinder deactivation. Unfortunately, from the very beginning the focus on an internal combustion engine has been on producing more power rather than providing a better fuel economy, but nowadays due to growing awareness of environment and rising oil prices, engineers have shifted their attention on to producing more fuel efficient engines. For example, BMW is researching on ways to increase the fuel efficiency of a conventional engine by 10-15 percent by looking to  recover and reuse heat energy  lost through the exhaust and that absorbed by the engine cooling system. With such initiatives we can see a future of more efficient and more environmentally friendly engines.

The Web and Education Essay -- Teaching Learning Technology Papers

The Web and Education I read somewhere that everybody on this planet is separated by only six other people. Six degrees of separation. Between us and everybody else on this planet.(1) —John Guare The Chronicle of Higher Education recently reported that Internet researchers at the University of Notre Dame (Barabà ¡si, Albert, and Jeong, 1999) discovered that, on average, due to the hypertext links, any two Web pages are only 19 clicks away from each other. The research loosely follows the earlier work of Stanley Milgram, a social psychologist at Yale University. In the 1960s, Milgram demonstrated that any two individuals were linked by five mutual acquaintances. It was this theory about human relationships that the character Ouisa reflects upon in John Guare's famous play Six Degrees of Separation in the quote above.(2) Like the intricate web of human relationships, the Notre Dame researchers' 19 clicks of separation theory poses an interesting notion about the potentiality of Web pages and their complex inter-relationships. As the number of Web pages grows phenomenally, it's not hard to imagine that the information and knowledge you are seeking in your research and education may one day be only five clicks away from where you start surfing on the Web. It is precisely the vast interconnectivity of the Web that makes it an especially intriguing new education medium or tool. Consequently, the Web is emerging as an important and potentially primary infrastructure for any time, any place learning in the future. Many higher education institutions in the US are already eagerly jumping on the Web bandwagon. According Khan in the preface of a recent textbook on Web-Based Instruction (Khan, 1996): †¦the Int... ...2-bin/printable.cgi Kilian, Crawford (1998). F2F Why Teach Online, Educom Review (p. 31-34). Nardi, Bonnie A. and O'Day, Vicki L. (1999). Chapter Four: Information Ecologies. Information Ecologies: using Technology with Heart. [On-line]. Available: http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issure4_5/nardi_chapter4.html Oliver, Ron; Herrington, Jan; and Omari, Arshad. (1996) Creating Effective Instructional Materials for the World Wide Web. [On-line]. Available http://www.scu.edu.au/sponsored/ausweb/ausweb96/educn/oliver/ Oppenheimer, Todd. (1997). The Computer DELUSION. The Atlantic Monthly. [On-line]. Available: http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/97jul/computer.htm Ryder, Martin and Wilson, Brent. (1996) Affordances and constraints of the internet for learning and instruction. [On-line]. Available: http://wwcudenver.edu/~mryder/aect_96.html

Orange Telecom: a Case Analysis

Orange Telecom: A Case Analysis ORGA 433 – 460 Orange Telecom is a tremendous example of successful organizational understanding of change in a fast-paced and growing market. Utilizing the environment around them, Orange has grown into a worldwide triumph in the Telecom industry. By committing to a progressive strategy, Orange has demonstrated their ability to change and evolve to not only suit their immediate environment, but to also actively envision the future path of the industry, and capitalize on prospective trends around the world.Question 1: Using the internet and other sources, as well as the information give in the case study, summarize the elements in Orange’s temporal and external environments in terms of the influence it had on the opportunity for this new brand to succeed, 1994-2006. Orange was launched in the UK in 1994 as an answer to the growing trend towards mobile telecommunications. From the very beginning, Orange utilized a strategy of pioneering ma ny of the services to its customers that would later become the norm, industry-wide.At it’s launch, Orange was the first to offer standard customer service features such as caller id. Orange was the first company to offer aesthetically appealing masts shaped like trees which helped in customer relations. In 1999 Orange launched a branch in Switzerland which would be the first of many excursions into foreign markets. In 2000 Orange was able to use superior technology to offer Europe its first wireless video phone. These are just a few example of Orange’s strategy of providing customers with the latest in innovation.They launched at a time when Telecom services focused more on turnover than customer service. Orange decided to go in a completely unique direction by focusing primarily on customer concerns and service, being among the first to offer their customers numerous different option in every category such as prepaying phones through ATMs. In the UK, in 2003 Orange c hanged the way the mobile market operated, turning all of its 2,000 UK retail salespeople into ‘phone trainers’ and introducing them into its high street stores.It also launched the new Orange Film Funding Board adverts that took the international cinema industry by storm. The success of Orange is also strongly attributed to its ability to capitalize on external environmental trends. Being a company steeped in English and French heritage, Orange has been able to utilize a multicultural approach to business and provide nations with both French and British histories. This has opened the door for Orange to cross the language barriers that often bring to a halt the growth of many organizations.Orange has also been able to sense the common curiosity mankind has towards the future and has therefore began marketing itself, not as a company that simply provides a service, but also a company that provides answers to the future through innovation. Further, the Orange brand has be come so widely recognized in the UK and nations around the world that the company’s symbol has become synonomus with youth, innovation, and of course mobile phone service. They have strongly marketed this brand to the youth with the knowledge that brand recognition has become more important than ever in an industry with so many customer options.Finally, Orange has had a finger on the pulse of, not only technology and innovation, but of the field of study of technology. Since 2000 there has been a huge growth in the communications field of education, and Orange has capitalized on this by keeping steady observation of rising stars in the field of Mobile Telecom. Orange has utilized its temporal and external environment to become a successful telecom company. By keeping up with trends, and pioneering so many practices that have become common-place, Orange has now become an industry leader in being able to recognize environmental trends and provide answers for the future.Question 2: What type of change do you think Orange was pursuing? In terms of the concepts and ideas put forward, particularly in Chapter 2, justify your views. As an organization in an already fairly established industry Orange was attempting a transformational type of change, also developmental change seemed to be something that was pivotal in the enterprise of this organization. Since the time of its official launch in 1994, to present day, Orange has been avid in establishing itself as a more wider social ntity rather than a specifically narrowly viewed service provider in an industry with a lot of alternatives. This very separation has been the catalyst of the transformational change that took place in the telecommunication industry with the launching of Orange. This change could be also more specifically described as discontinuous change due to the fact that Orange initially originated from a parent company that was government owned. Furthermore, the strategy pivotal to Orange’ s success has been significantly divergent from previously established strategies.Discontinuous change is defined by Grundy as â€Å"change which is marked by rapid shifts in strategy, structure or culture, or in all three† (Senior & Fleming, p. 46). The type of change that was pursued by Orange is developmental change. The parent company responsible for the establishment of Orange was France Telecom, which at one time was the monopolistic organization providing postal and telephone services in France. This fact is indicative of an executive team that was very experienced in traditional telecommunications establishments and industry nuances.However, rather than simply carry over that deeply rooted experience in a fashion of an identical duplicate, the executives of the newly formed Orange took a developmental approach and built upon well established concepts in order to achieve new heights in this competitive industry. By building new concepts and ideas unto a solid foundatio n of industry experience the Orange company was able to outdistance its competition fairly quickly and become an industry giant in a relatively short time-span.If one examines the wide history behind the formation of Orange, this type of change is clearly evident and is transformational in its implications. From the very onset the organization aggressively pursued a marketing campaign that separated them from being viewed as simply another service provider or manufacturer, or a symbiosis of both. The company steadily became an abstract social entity that related to customers on a deeper level then a simple service provider and therefore revolutionized the way it connected with its client base.In the industry plagued by deprived customer service Orange established itself as a beacon of exceptional customer service has been increasing its customer participation in leaps and bounds, which in turn made it the global entity it is today. Question 3: How far do you think the changes made h ave been appropriate to the environments in which Orange was operating? The changes that Orange has made are very appropriate for the environment (market) in which they operate. First, the most basic change they have made is distinguishing themselves as a provider of customer service, not as manufacturer and provider as a particular product.This avoided labelling as just another network provider, and definitely differentiated their firm from the other carriers in the markets where they operate. They operate on a looking forward basis, looking to increase the possibility of communication concentrating on the service and relationship with customers not just the individual transactions. Another change that was made was to have a name that couldn’t be cut out at a mobile services provider; unlike Rogers Wireless, T-Mobile.. etc the changes they made to the way they are branded themselves effectively.They chose a name that was abstract and unrelated to the telephone industry which was unconventional in that it showed a divergence from industry standards which has paid off for them. An abstract name that is not consciously tied to only one part of a person’s life gives the feeling of an all-encompassing service or entity in that person’s mind. This is appropriate given that Orange is aiming to enrich the customer’s life via their communication possibilities in an industry that is mainly transaction based and not geared towards customer service.Customer service changes they made were significant, being the first to provide â€Å"billing by the second† definitely would have put them in a category of their own at a time when other companies where billing by the minute. This change is consistent with their vision of embodying the future rather than just selling cell phones and products. Overall Orange has had great success by making changes to the way mobile telecommunication companies do business and are seen by consumers.Their brandi ng before and after their launch has reflected this as well, and considering their target market (the future) ,young people who use their mobile phones for more than emergency calls, their changes are very appropriate. After all it is the younger generations who will be more dependent on mobile communications as time passes accepting more services into their everyday life moving forward into the future†¦. and unlike the rest of the industry Orange has branded itself as the future which is very fitting. References Senior, B. & Fleming, J. (2006). Organizational Change (3rd ed. ). Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited.

Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic essayEssay Writing Service

Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic essayEssay Writing Service Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic essay Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic essayThis quotation is one of the famous Clarke’s three laws and appeared in his essay Hazards of Prophecy: The Failure of Imagination, in  Profiles of the Future. I’ve chosen this quote because I think it is very interesting. It lets us think about a lot of things. As the technology changes so rapidly today, more and more inventions come to our life. For example, we can chat with people from any place in the world through the Internet. We can go shopping online. We can watch 3D movies in the cinema. When this technological invention had just appeared people were absolutely amazed by it. Due to the rapid progress of technology, there will be more and more unexpected inventions in the future. These inventions may be amazing and seem something magic.When I began designing this poster the first thing I considered was the typeface. Clarke’s essay was written in 1962, so I tried to find some typefa ces which did not look too modern. When we combine two typefaces the contrast is very important   and that is why I didn’t choose two similar typefaces. I tried some different matches and I hope they look harmonic. Then I thought about the image at the background. I asked one friend to stand with her hands open and made a nice picture. Next, I put an image of crystal ball in the hands using technologies of Photoshop. It is well-known that a crystal ball is one of the symbols of magic. Thus, this image symbolizes the magic. Then I used the picture with programming language as the background. This is a bright example of the modern technology. In addition, I also used an image with colorful dots. I put this image with the dots above the crystal ball – the idea was to imitate magic sparkles which are coming from the crystal ball. The meaning of this part is symbolic. These dots symbolize all good things, such as convenience, prosperity, and happiness, which modern means of technology bring us. I changed the mode and the opacity of all images so that they would harmonize with each other. In the end, I selected my favorite combination of typefaces and added them to the poster. I used the white color in the typefaces because white seems conspicuous on the dark background and it would be easier to read it and perceive the information.

nightmare Essay

American dream/nightmare Essay American dream/nightmare Essay This article describes that the American Dream purports to be ideal vehicle for liberty and freedom. It is said to undermine individual freedom and expression (Bygrave, MacMillan, 2008). The American Dream/ Nightmare is a reification of what Marx described as the capitalist class structure. According to authors, self-worth and sense of well-being are inextricably linked to our income (Bygrave MacMillan, 2008). The objectives of maximizing short-term profit and serving the long-term needs of society are diametrically opposite. Profits serve people, people do not serve profits (Bygrave MacMillan, 2008). The European Dream is defined as a mindset that valued in humanitarian rather than economic terms. The Canadian Dream is the one which is neither purely American nor European. The four constructs of culture are uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/feminity, individualism and power distance (Bygrave MacMillan, 2008). The American Dream removes the individual’s ability to choose h is or her own vision of success or meaning. Whereas, the European Dream is more focused towards quality of life, sustainability, peace and harmony. Religion has played much more prominent role in American society than it has done in Europe (Bygrave MacMillan, 2008). The authors argue that the American Dream infringes on the individual rights of people and workers. As a result it robs the individual of his or her freedom of expression. Balance between work and family life is becoming much more prevalent than material wealth or individual success at work. The authors state that organizations should change their paradigm from strict profit maximizing to balancing profit along with long-term needs of society. The authors consider

Advanced Clinical Nutrition Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advanced Clinical Nutrition - Research Paper Example Many theories have been advanced to explain this analogy. But the most acceptable is as follows; the trigger in heart attacks and some forms of stroke is the accumulation of cholesterol rich plaques (atheromas) in blood vessels of the heart and brain. The body detects these plaques as foreign and unwanted in the body; hence, through the process of inflammation, the body tries to remove the plaques from the walls of blood vessels. However, as the body is trying to remove the foreign plaques from the walls of blood vessels, circumstances may go wrong in that the plaques may rupture causing aneurysms or it may trigger blood clot formation. These clots normally obstruct blood flow to vital organs of the body causing heart attacks or cerebral infarcts (strokes). 2) Choose a nutrient or food that is considered both â€Å"anti-inflammatory† and â€Å"heart healthy†. Provide evidence that supports that your nutrient/food is â€Å"heart healthy† using key studies from the literature (described sufficiently and referenced appropriately). Beans. Foods like beans are anti-inflammatory in the sense that they do not have triggers of inflammation which may predispose to cardiovascular diseases. ... Beans are anti-inflammatory from many respects. Clinically, beans have been observed not to cause any heart conditions. Basically, beans do not have any cholesterol; hence, they do not trigger any inflammatory response in arteries of the heart. Epidemiologically, studies have revealed that incidences of heart conditions with plant products are rare, but animal products have been implicated. 4) Is the anti-inflammatory evidence clear? Why or why not? The anti-inflammatory response is clear in that there is no content of LDL cholesterol in beans and bean products. 5) Briefly, how would you design a study to provide information that would strengthen your case for the anti-inflammatory effects of your nutrient/food in humans? I would conduct biochemical tests on beans to ascertain that they do not have LDL cholesterol that triggers inflammation to cause cardiovascular diseases. QUESTION #2: Consider the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), adult treatment panel III (ATP III) re commendations for reducing CVD risk. Discuss EITHER the dietary soluble fiber OR plant sterols/stanols recommendation and answer the following questions: 1) First, mechanistically speaking, how is that particular recommendation supposed to lower CVD risk? Be specific Introduction of soluble dietary fibers is a strategy for reducing cardiovascular disease. These foods have trace amounts of saturated and trans fats, hence, they reduce incidences of cardiovascular disease. The therapeutic lifestyle changes that are recommended to reduce cardiovascular disease risk are that fiber should be between 20 to 30 g per day. 2) Where did the recommendation itself come from? In other words, what research led to this recommendation?

Writing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writing Assignment - Essay Example The period spanned from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century as a cultural movement that began in Italy before spreading to other parts of the world. In the arts, the period marked the rebirth of both knowledge and the representation of the same in art. The Renaissance represented the end of the middle ages thus making the development of the modern day arts (Klaus 43). Artists that thrived in the period perfected in the use of different elements of arts including space and perspective. Among the most prominent artists of the period were the Italian Giotto di Bondone, Jan Van Eyck and Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino commonly known as Raphael. Each of the artists perfected in different types of arts such as painting and sculpting. In developing their artifacts, they each developed their own critical criticism of the societies and the existing authorities thereby contributing to the advancement of knowledge. As Renaissance artists, they used such features of arts as space and perspectiv e differently thereby communicating different messages in their creations. Perspective refers to an individual’s viewpoint on an issue, it is an opinion that one holds on a particular topic thereby influencing his or her presentation of the same. From the definition, perspective thus becomes relative. The different works of the above three artists portray the relativity of perspective as they employed the element in their works. Space on the other hand refers to the portrayal of nothingness; it is an element in arts that help artists develop their concepts. The Renaissance period marked the rebirth of knowledge implying that the period was characterized by development in different aspects of the society. Artists epitomized the development by creating different artifacts. The three artists above were all painters and portrayed their messages creatively depicting space and using perspective to help convey their messages. Giotto for example developed several paintings in which h e portrays his own perspective of the cultural features of the society. In these, he represents space, the boundless three-dimensional amount occupied by objects. One of such works is the painting known as the Marriage at Cana. In the painting, Giotto represents his perspective of the important cultural practice, marriage. The artist portrays the right of passage so exquisitely that it gives details of all the important aspects of the cultural ceremony. In doing this, he portrays a three-dimensional feel of the room; he develops the ceremonial feel of the occasion portraying the importance of the practice. Space helps communicate as it represents the quantity of luxury that characterizes the occasion. Additionally the exquisite portrayal and use of space help communicate the artist’s perspective of the occasion thereby using such to assign the occasion the reputation he felts it deserves. The portrayal of the marriage ceremony is relative since not every marriage had a simila r theme at the time. The artist includes religious leaders at the occasion to help attribute the importance of religion and religious leaders in the process of sanctifying such a union. Jan Van Eyck just as any other artist of the time employed the prevailing technologies to develop his painting. He develops most of his paintings on long lasting materials such as hides and canvas. The artist developed several paintings on which he portrays the relativity of perspective of the trending social and cultural features of the time. He contributed to the development of knowledge as he often forwent classical idealization for faithful observation of nature. One of such works in which he port

Barging Power of Buyer in Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Barging Power of Buyer in Apple Inc - Essay Example It thus becomes vital for the company to change the prices of the commodities to accommodate the financial condition of the consumers. When they lower these prices, the consumers continue shopping steadily in the company. Purchases product volume is another critical aspect to consider regarding the bargaining power of the consumer. When Apple produces a commodity and it does not have many purchases, it has no option but to follow the prices that the consumers are willing to offer for it (Hill 143). When the company changes or rather adjusts the prices to suit the consumer, it definitely experiences an increase in purchases product volume. Customer loyalty is another integral concept. For Apple to continue sustaining the consumers that it has, it is appropriate and advisable for the company to set appropriate prices. Failure to set appropriate prices would see the customers failing to purchase commodities from the company. This leads to the company obliging to the bargaining power of the customers and lowering the prices. Companies have always worked effectively to see to it that they achieve large profit margins. However, consumers through their bargaining power have countered this

The role of Crooks and accounting for his hopelessness Essay Example for Free

The role of Crooks and accounting for his hopelessness Essay John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California in 1902. His father worked for the local government in Monterey County, and his mother was a schoolteacher. His most famous books were written in the 1930s and 1940s, and are set in California. John Steinbeck wrote the novel Of Mice and Men in 1936, around the time of mass unemployment such as America and Europe had not experienced before. At the time Steinbeck was a young man, he wanted to write about the difficulties millions of Americans like himself were being faced with. There was a boom time in 1920s America, and there was work to do and fortunes to be made but in the 1930s came a time of unemployment and poverty. Black people suffered a great deal worse than white people in the Depression. In large numbers they left the southern states, hoping to find work in the north. When they got there they realised there was no work there either and racism was just as common. In the novel set in South California, we are introduced to the only black man on the ranch and through this man Steinbeck aims to portray the relationships between black and whites in America. Crooks is named because of his crooked spine. Steinbeck develops the character of Crooks, the black stable buck in the fourth chapter, describing him as a, proud, aloof man. He kept his distance and demanded that other people kept theirs. Crooks as we see is bitter, angry and frustrated by the hopelessness of a black man in a racist culture. Crooks is constantly reminded he is inferior to white and, out of pride, he refuses to take part in their future dream. Crooks is made to live in a separate place to the other ranch workers, his place on the ranch is permanent. He is not a migrant worker and has been able to collect a few possessions together. Crooks possessed several pairs of shoes, a pair of rubber boot, a big alarm clock and a single-barrelled shotgun. And he had books too, a tattered dictionary and a mauled copy of the California civil code for 1905. There were battered magazines and a few dirty books on a special shelf over his bunk. A pair of large gold rimmed spectacles hung from a nail on the wall above his bed. His possessions tell us quite a bit about him, both as an individual man and as a representative of black people at this time. His belongings tell us that he was an intellectual man and could read, we know this because of the many books he has, so it was made obvious he could read. He also owned a single-barrelled shotgun, which was for his own protection, which is understandable in his position. He also kept a California civil code for 1905 that would keep him updated of his rights as a black man in society. Everybody also calls Crooks, the nigger. Steinbeck gives some idea of how common racism was by the fact that ranch men dont intend to insult Crooks as a man when they call him nigger, but they are constantly reminding us that black people were degraded in the was everyday. Nigger was used casually as a commonplace name and is shows the hurt it directs and causes for black people. Candy says, They let the nigger come in that night. Little skinner name of Smitty took after the nigger. Done pretty good, too. The guys wouldnt let him use his feet, so the nigger got him. If he coulda used his feet, Smitty says he woulda killed the nigger. This quote suggests that they use Crooks for entertainment and he is used as a source of fun at his expense. This shows the way in which Crooks is treated and the reason he wont socialise with the other men. Candy also says to George, The boss gives him hell when hes mad, referring to Crooks. This explains the way the boss also treats Crooks. He takes his anger out on him when hes in a bad mood. Crooks cant stand up for himself because hes black and the boss realises that Crooks is too weak a character in the society they live in to do anything so this accounts for Crooks hopelessness against the white men. Crooks also suffers from the extrmes of loneliness on the ranch, A guy goes nuts if aint got nobody. Dont matter no difference who the guy is, longs he with you. I tell ya a gets too lonely an he gets sick. The only relationship he can find is with his books. Crooks experiences isolation from the other men because the society he lives in is racist. He is made to live on his own in the barn and cant join in many social activities. The words, dont matter no different who the guy is, longs he with you shows that Crooks would work for nothing, as long as he could communicate with others. Crooks can also identify that although Lennie relies on George, George also relies on him to be a friend and the fact that Lennie is retarded makes no difference because they have something all other workers are envious of Friendship. Crooks realises that because of his physical difference he is submitted to racial discrimination which blocks him from ever achieving a relationship between the men on the ranch and he accounts for his hopelessness at ever finding friendship. Crooks is a very lonely character, he is an outcast because not only is he a cripples but he is black. Most men are prejudiced against him. He has to stay in his room because of his appearance. As Lennie appears in his doorway, Crooks quickly puts his barriers up and says sharply, You got no right to come in my room. This heres my room. Nobody got any right in here but me..I aint wanted in the bunk-house, and you aint wanted in my room. Lennie asks, Why aint you wanted? Cause Im black. This shows how bitter he is and how he has been forced to be separated from the others just because of his appearance. Crooks loneliness is a result of rejection from everyone else on the ranch. He is forced to live alone in a barn, where he lives his life in isolation because of his colour. When Lennie visits him in the room, Crooks reactions reveal the fact that he is lonely. As a black man with a physical handicap, Crooks is forced to live on the border of ranch life. He is not even allowed to enter the white mens bunkhouse, or join them in a game of cards. His resentment typically comes out through his bitter, sad, and touching vulnerability, as he tells Lennie: A guy needs somebodyto be near him. Chapter four focussed on the development of Crooks. Race is the biggest motivation for Crooks anger towards men. He is a proud and obviously the most intelligent character in the novel and he used his intelligence to manipulate Lenniw. Spose George dont come back no more. Spose he took a powder and just aint coming back. Whatll you do then? Crooks is filled with contempt and attempts to make Lennie realise how he would not be able to function without George. He does this because he realises this is the only chance he could get to torment a white men, when he was tormented he become bitter and he enjoyed tormenting a man with a mind of a five year old. He tormented Lennie about his relationship with George because Steinbeck made Crooks purposely discuss it to show how jealous he is and how desperately he wants a relationship like Lennie and George have. When talking to Lennie, Crooks reminisces on his past, I remember when I was a little kid on my old mans chicken ranch. Had two brothers. They were always near me, always there. Used to sleep in the same room, right in the same bed all three. This shows the physical closeness he used to have with other people and with contrast to how now hes isolated and lonely with no one. Crooks tries to make Lennie realise his own isolation. When Candy enters and Lennie and him start talking about the dream, Crooks is sceptical of Lennie claiming to own land, telling him that such dreams will never materialise. Hes negative about the dream at first because he knows people dont look further than the colour of his skin. He starts to wonder why should he be excited about a white mans dream when his own will never happen, Youll talk about it a hell of a lot, but you wont get no land. Crooks changes his attitude towards Lennie when he realises that Lennie has decent intentions and that he is no real threat because of his mentally challenged nature. Crooks softens his rigid contempt and offers to help Lennie and Candy when he thinks they have a chance of achieving a farmhouse. This shows he uses his manner as a defence. if youguys would want a hand to work for nothing just his keep, why Id come an lend a hand. Crooks desperation to get out of his lonely spell prompts him to make such a drastic, but shy, suggestion. Crooks becomes so frantic for a relationship that he offers his services to George and Lennie for free, just to escape his loneliness. Making his dream of acceptance and company hopeful. His attitude soon shifts back to normal as Curleys wife exposes his frailties, characterising him as a crippled character. Curleys wife provides some interesting similarities to Crooks; both are shaped tongued and intelligent, and effected by their minority status at the ranch. She knows the power she wields over men, being Curleys wife and even threatens him with lynching. Listen, Nigger, you know what I can do to you if you open your trap. Suddenly reality catches up with Crooks, Crooks stared at her hopelessly. What was he thinking about living with white people, planning out his dream when they talk to him that way? When Curleys wife leaves he asks the men to leave afterwards because he is upset that he has been reminded of how hopeless he really is due to his physical race. He tries desperately to savage his pride and dignity, Member what I said about howin and doin odd jobs?Well just forget it Curleys wife destroyed and shattered the dreams he had with Lennie and Candy, he was suddenly dawned with the acceptance of his fate and realises that hell never be able to achieve his dreams due to the harsh reality that people cant look beyond his appearance, making him hopeless of ever gaining those dreams.

Childhood Memories of Dad :: Personal Narrative

A memento is a reminder of the past, a keepsake. They come in many shapes and sizes. People save objects for many diverse reasons. In my case, I will forever keep and pass on my keepsake to my children because of the many good and bad memories it evokes from my childhood and about my father. It is a lime green 1976 KX250 dirt bike that my father had given to me as a child to restore and was exactly the same as the one he had bought as a teen. It is all black with a lime green gas tank that says Kawasaki and has two large knobby tires. It is one of the first race models that was produced for use on motocross dirt tracks and also the same as the first bike I would ever ride. The bike that would bring my father and I close together, and the bike that would make me love riding off road vehicles forever. I was only knee-high to a grasshopper when I first felt the wail of a two stroke engine underneath me. The noise that bike made was like a mother’s soft voice to a crying baby. I would usually just be sitting inside my grandparent’s house playing video games when I would here the loud purr of the motorcycle’s engine. I would light up with total excitement and usually run to the door to see if my Dad was going to take me for a ride. Most of the time I would end up in sheer joy, but occasionally, I would just get a feeling of disappointment. It’s the good times that I remember the best. I would put my worst clothes on because I knew I was going to get dirty. Then I would run outside to see my Dad putting his helmet on and revving the lime green bike up, while light blue smoke seeped from the exhaust pipe, which ran underneath the black engine. After I was done putting on the shiny new helmet and goggles that my Dad had bought me, he would pick me up and place me right in front of him, between him and the gas tank, so I could hold on to the crossbar on the handlebars. Then as he let the aluminum clutch lever out easy and gradually twisted the throttle, we would speed off around the gate and down the dirt road behind the house. Childhood Memories of Dad :: Personal Narrative A memento is a reminder of the past, a keepsake. They come in many shapes and sizes. People save objects for many diverse reasons. In my case, I will forever keep and pass on my keepsake to my children because of the many good and bad memories it evokes from my childhood and about my father. It is a lime green 1976 KX250 dirt bike that my father had given to me as a child to restore and was exactly the same as the one he had bought as a teen. It is all black with a lime green gas tank that says Kawasaki and has two large knobby tires. It is one of the first race models that was produced for use on motocross dirt tracks and also the same as the first bike I would ever ride. The bike that would bring my father and I close together, and the bike that would make me love riding off road vehicles forever. I was only knee-high to a grasshopper when I first felt the wail of a two stroke engine underneath me. The noise that bike made was like a mother’s soft voice to a crying baby. I would usually just be sitting inside my grandparent’s house playing video games when I would here the loud purr of the motorcycle’s engine. I would light up with total excitement and usually run to the door to see if my Dad was going to take me for a ride. Most of the time I would end up in sheer joy, but occasionally, I would just get a feeling of disappointment. It’s the good times that I remember the best. I would put my worst clothes on because I knew I was going to get dirty. Then I would run outside to see my Dad putting his helmet on and revving the lime green bike up, while light blue smoke seeped from the exhaust pipe, which ran underneath the black engine. After I was done putting on the shiny new helmet and goggles that my Dad had bought me, he would pick me up and place me right in front of him, between him and the gas tank, so I could hold on to the crossbar on the handlebars. Then as he let the aluminum clutch lever out easy and gradually twisted the throttle, we would speed off around the gate and down the dirt road behind the house.